Lung Cancer

Some factors that go into lung cancer include tobacco smoke, exposure to radon, exposure to asbestos, air pollution, arsenic in drinking water, personal or family history of lung cancer, certain dietary supplements, and other factors that are unproven as well. Smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer. Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that results from the breakdown of uranium in soil and rocks. It is the second leading cause of lung cancer. People who work with asbestos, found in mines, mills, textile plants, insulated areas, and shipyards are more likely to die of lung cancer. Air pollution also raises the risk of lung cancer slightly. Arsenic in water also has a higher risk of lung cancer. In conclusion, there are many risk factors that can cause lung cancer. It is important to stay away from all those risks, but it is hard sometimes when you don't know those certain things actually increase your risk.

BMI/BMR

BMI stands for body mass index, which is a key index for relating weight to height. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) now defines normal weight, overweight, and obesity. BMI is calculated by height and weight. Healthy weight is important because it keeps your blood pressure at a good rate, keeps your LDL cholesterol levels low, and keeps blood glucose levels normal. After calculating my BMI, I have been categorized overweight with a BMI of 29.1. I run the risks of high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and high blood glucose. As of right now, I aam currently exercising regularly and have seen a difference after cutting out processed food. My diet could definitely be healthier and I strive to be a healthy person, not a skinny person. If I do not change my lifestyle, it will affect negatively in the future.

BMR stands for basal metabolic rate, which is the rate at which your body uses energy when you are resting in order to keep vital functions going. Calculating your BMR requires your weight, height, age, and gender. After calculating my BMR, it is 1416. This means that on average, my body at rest burns 1416 calories each day. Knowing BMR is very important to know and it can help you determine how much you need to exercise or how much you need to eat to remain healthy or become healthier. BMI is different from BMR because BMI tells you if you are underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese while BMR approximates how much calories your body burns.

Muscle Disease

Name of Disease: Fibromyalgia

Symptoms: They can range from pain and sleep problems to dry eyes and irritable bowel. There are also tender points in the body, muscle pain, painful joints, and back or neck pain as well as fatigue.

Prognosis: Research shows that people who are treated by a multidisciplinary team approach including: a physician to oversee the entire treatment plan and regulate medications; an alternative therapy expert who helps with an exercise plan and oversees cognitive behavior therapy, massage, physical therapy treatments, etc; and a mental health expert who assists the patient with lifestyle adjustments appropriate for living life successfully with a chronic pain condition, demonstrate the best treatment outcome.

Treatment: Medications to ease pain, fatigue, and sleep problems to physical therapy, relaxation modalities, and regular exercises. There are also fibromyalgia medications that treat symptoms such as deep muscle pain, sleep problems, anxiety, and depression.

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Reference:

• http://www.webmd.com/fibromyalgia/
• http://www.fmcpaware.org/fibromyalgia/prognosis.html

Career Related in Muscle Disease

Name of Career: Sports Medicine Doctor

Description of Typical Day's Work: 
As a sports medicine doctor, you will diagnose and treat athletes and other active people suffering from a sports-related injury or illness. You will have the opportunity to work with medical professionals such as surgeons, physical therapists, physiologists, nutritionists and coaches to help patients in their recovery. You may also be asked to come up with ways of preventing injury and promoting health for individuals actively involved in sports and exercise.

Training/Education Required:

• Training - 2-7 year residency followed by 1-2 year fellowship in sports medicine
• Education - Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) or Doctor of Osteopathy (D.O.)

Average Salary: $162,778

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Reference:

• http://learn.org/articles/Sports_Medicine_Doctor_Job_Duties_Career_Outlook_and_Educational_Requirements.html

Post 7: How is Henrietta Lacks Courageous?

In the novel The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks written by Rebecca Skloot, Henrietta Lacks shows courage as she confronts a doctor about her health problems. As a black woman during her time, segregation was still prominent and most African Americans would not even be able to go to the doctor. "David drove Henrietta nearly 20 miles to get there, not because she preferred it, but because it was the only major hospital for miles that treated black patients," (15). The fact that she even admitted to a hospital instead of staying at home hiding her illness was courageous. Many blacks at that time wouldn't dare enter a hospital, scared they wouldn't recieve the help that she needs. In conclusion, I believe that she is courageous because she is able to confront her problems instead of hiding them. She was not afraid to accept help and ask for it as it is hard enough for a black woman to recieve the attention she needs.

Post 6: Chapter 3 Question 15

Cell division is extremely important during the body's growth period. But when an organ is severely damaged, the lolst cells cannot be replaced and in return is permanently damaged. Most cells undergo mitosis until the end of puberty, when adult body size is reached and overall body growth ends. After this time, only certain cells routinely divide. Other cells almost completely lose thier ability to divide when they are fully mature and become amitotic. The cells cannot be replaced by the same type of cells. This is why the heart, for example, becomes weaker and weaker after a heart attack or injury. In conclusion, an organ is permanently damaged after it has been through an injury because the organ does not have the ability to divide and reproduce new cells to repair the damage.

Post 5: Chapter 3 Question 7

In a cell, there are many organelles that have specific functions to keep the body alive. The organelles include the nucleus, nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin, plasma membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, cytoskeleton, and centrioles. The nucleus is like the "headquarters," or the control center for cells. The nucleus is bounded by the nuclear envelope, a double membrane barrier. The nucleoli are sites where ribosomes are assembled. Chromatin are loose networks of bumpy threads that are formed by DNA combining with protein when a cell is not dividing. The plasma membrane is a fragile, transparent barrier the separates the cell contents from the surrounding environment. Cytoplasm is the cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane. It is the "factory area" of the cell. Mitochondrion are threadlike or sausage-shaped organelles are the "powerhouses" of the cells. Mitochondrion carry out the reactions in which oxygen is used to break down foods and turn it into ATP, which is energy for the body. Ribosomes are tiny, dark bodies maed of proteins and RNA. They are the sits of protein synthesis. There are two different types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called the rough ER and the smooth ER. The rough ER is studded by ribosomes and is the like the cell's membrane factory. The smooth ER functions in lipid metabolism and detoxifies drugs and pesticides. The golgi apparatus look like a stack of flattened mebraneous sacs with swarms of tiny vesicles and is the "traffic director" for celluar proteins. Lysosomes are membraneous "bags" that contain digestive enzymes. Peroxisomes are membraneous sacs cantaining oxidase enxymes to detoxify harful or poisonous substances. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein structures that extends throughout the cytoplasm and acts as a cell's "bones and muscles" by furnishing an internal framework. The last organelles are centrioles. They are rod-shaped bodies that lie at right angles to each other and are internally made up of fine microtubules. They direct the formation of the mitotic spindle. In conclusion, there are many organelles in a cell that keeps the body alive and they protect it from dangerous substances, filtering out good and bad things in the body.